Varicocele is an enlargement of veins within the scrotum (the skin-covered muscular sac that protects the testicles). The scrotum also contains veins and arteries that deliver blood to the reproductive glands. A vein abnormality in this area can cause varicocele.
These veins are not unlike varicose veins found in the legs; however, they are more common in younger males (ages 15-25) rather than older males. Similar to varicose veins in the legs, varicocele is generally harmless, but not in all cases. It can be correlated to infertility problems by supporting low sperm count and reduced sperm quality. Statistically, 40% of men who have a varicocele in at least one testicle were evaluated for infertility. Treatment options are available for men who are suffering from infertility due to a varicocele.
Recognizing the Symptoms
The majority of men with a varicocele do not show any symptoms, though varicoceles are a concern for multiple reasons. Varicoceles can slow the growth of the left testicle during puberty and can be the cause of infertility. It usually shows up above the testicles, most frequently the left one, and is most visible while standing, but not while laying down. The symptoms are not harmful, but they can be uncomfortable and at times painful. Symptoms include:
- Lump in one testicle
- Swelling in the scrotum
- Visibly enlarged veins in the scrotum
- Dull, recurring pain in the scrotum
- Aching pain while sitting or standing for an extended period
- Shrinking of the testicles
What is the Cause?
The precise cause is unknown; however, it may be similar to that of varicose veins. Veins contain tiny one-way valves that open to allow blood flow through, then they close to prevent backward flow. Now and then, the walls of veins can lose their elasticity, causing the valves and vein walls to weaken. This can cause the blood to flow backward. Valves that do not function properly can collect blood in the veins which then become enlarged and swollen.
Treatment Options
Treatment or surgery may be recommended if you are experiencing discomfort and pain, if you have abnormal sperm count, or you have been experiencing infertility that has continued for at least 2 years.
There are no medications that prevent or treat varicoceles, however, pain killers may help with relieving pain. When necessary, surgery is the main method of treatment. Treatment options for varicocele include:
- Percutaneous embolization
This minimally invasive procedure can be done as an outpatient procedure and the recovery time is known to be fairly short. A radiologist will insert a tube into the body through either the groin or the neck through which instruments are passed. The surgeon will use chemicals or coils to close the vein.
- Varicocelectomy
This procedure is performed under general or local anesthesia. It is an open surgery where the surgeon will access the area through the groin. Using surgical microscopes and ultrasound, the affected veins are closed enabling blood to reroute through other healthier vessels.
- Laparoscopic surgery
The surgeon creates a small incision in the abdomen and passes a small surgical instrument through the opening.
When to See a Doctor
If problems due to your varicocele arise, it is important to seek a consultation with a Urologist. Fertility problems can be restored if a varicocele is treated. If you suspect that you may be experiencing varicocele, call Novomed today and schedule an appointment with one of our Men’s Health experts.